How to Identify 10 Red and Pink Minerals

Questions for Critical Thinking - 1690 Words

Questions for Critical Thinking A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor 1) What is the grandmother’s attitude toward the South as opposed to the rest of her family’s attitude, particularly her grandson’s? How do you account for the difference? In the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† the grandmother’s attitude toward the South is that the â€Å"old South† was better than the current South. For example, in paragraph 14, John Wesley, the grandson, states â€Å"Let’s go through Georgia fast so we won’t have to look at it much.† And the grandmother replies, â€Å"If I were a little boy, I wouldn’t talk about my native state that way. She continues to say, â€Å"In my time, children were more respectful of their native states and their†¦show more content†¦The grandmother uses the article to try and deter the family from driving to Florida because she wants to go to Tennessee inst ead. She warns them that a fugitive called The Misfit is on the loose and if they ran into him it would be trouble. This is ironic because they ended crossing paths with the escapee. The grandmother was dramatically warning the family of the worst scenario and ironically the worst setting happened. Margarita Quinonez 07/05/2013 Short Story Analysis A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor Author Flannery O’Connor was born on March 25, 1925 in Savannah, Georgia. She was an only child. Her father Edward F. O’Connor was a real estate agent, and her mother Regina Cline was a homemaker. When O’Connor was six, she became famous because the Pathe News filmed O’Connor with her trained chicken and showed the film around the country. When O’Connor was a teenager her father died of systemic lupus erythematosus. She attended the Peabody Laboratory School, graduating in 1942. She then entered Georgia State College for Women in an accelerated three year program, graduating in 1945 with a Social Sciences Degree. In 1946 she was accepted into the prestigious Iowa Writer’s Workshop at the University of Iowa, where she first study journalism. As an adult she was a devoted roman catholic and after battleing lupus likeShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking Questions1284 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS Describe a situation in which critical and creative thought could have been used for a better outcome. Describe why it is important to think critically and creative in similar situations. On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle Discovery disintegrated on re-entry to the earths atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts. In retrospect, the disaster could have been prevented rather easily by a relatively simple procedure that was implemented on all subsequent shuttle missionsRead MoreQuestions On Critical Thinking Assignment Questions951 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Thinking Assignment Questions You will choose 4 out of the 7 questions to complete throughout the semester. I suggest to pick one that is easiest for you and complete it first. Each question will be completed in APA format. This means you will need a title page, abstract, citations, and references. Remember, citations helps support your argument. You may only use the online research school database for your resources. If you use a reference that is not part of the online database, I willRead MoreQuestions On Critical Thinking Activity1384 Words   |  6 PagesCRITICAL THINKING ACTIVITY Candidates are asked to provide a considered response to the Critical Thinking Questions. There is no minimum word number; however the total response should not exceed 1500 words. This exercise is taken from R. Kramar, T. Bertram, H. Di Cieri, RA Noe, JR Hollenback, B. Gerhart, PM Wright Human Resources Management Strategy, People Performance,McGraw-Hill Education 2014 p.81 Measuring the value of HR For a number of years, HR has been concerned with how it can grab theRead MoreQuestions For Critical Thinking 72133 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ Questions For Critical Thinking 7 BUSI 620 Salvatores Chapter 14: a. Discussion Questions: 12 and 15. b. Problems: spreadsheet problems 1 and 2. Note: 1. Spreadsheet problem 1: Use table 14-4 as reference. 2. Spreadsheet problem 2: Use tables 14-5 and 14-6 as reference. Discussion Question 12: What is the rationale behind the minimax regret rule? What are some less formal and precise methods of dealing with uncertainty? When are these useful? The rationale behind the minimaxRead MoreQuestions For Critical Thinking 42059 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Questions for Critical Thinking 4 Salvatore’s Chapter 8: a. Discussion Questions: 2 and 10. 2. (a) What is the distinction between marginal cost and incremental cost? (b) How are sunk costs treated in managerial decision making? Why? (a) Maringal cost is the change in total costs or in total variable costs per unit change in output (Salvatore, 2012, pg. 718). The main reason to determine marginal cost is to gain understanding and knowledge of when a company reaches economics of scale. HoweverRead MoreQuestions About A Critical Thinking Exercise1441 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I will be answering specific questions about a critical thinking exercise located in the assigned text book. The questions that will be answered include: discussing the problem of the scenario, who the problem belongs to, the actions nurse Witte should take and the mode of communication she should use. Then I will discuss how she can provide a clear message, and to whom the message should be send to first, as well as, all the people that should informed. Lastly, I will explain the typeRead MoreCritical Thinking Questions : Strategic Planning1160 Words   |  5 PagesHannah Boyd 9-3-17 MRK-120 Chapter 2 Critical Thinking Questions: 1. Strategic planning is the process a company uses to develop and maintain a strategic fit between their goals as an organization and their capabilities of meeting demands in a fast-changing market. Strategic planning helps companies take advantage and adapt to the opportunities that it’s ever changing environment throws at them. There are four steps to strategic planning. Marketing plays a large role in the strategic planningRead MoreEssay on Questions for Critical Thinking 11553 Words   |  7 Pagesa. Discussion Questions: 9 b. Problems: 6, 9, and spreadsheet problem (p.37) 9) How Is The Concept Of A Normal Return On Investment Related To The Distinction Between Business And Economic Profit? The difference between the business and economic profit is that in economic profit, profit or loss is calculated by subtracting opportunity cost of the inputs used from the revenue of sales. On the other hand, accounting or business profit is the difference between the total revenue andRead MoreEssay on review and critical thinking questions 08.06707 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Review questions 08.06 How are fire scenes different than regular crime scenes for investigators? They are different than regular crime scenes because fire scenes have a different procedure. Plus, most fires scenes don’t require a search warrant. This is because it can take a long time to get a search warrant but with fire scenes it is crucial to get the evidence as soon as possible because causes of the fire, like petroleum, can evaporate within days, or even hours of the fire. Also, they needRead MoreCritical Thinking Exercise Questions : Earth Science1682 Words   |  7 PagesEarth Science – ERTH 100 – Critical Thinking Exercise Questions Name Ricky Nguyen ERTH100-003 Christine Sanchez (note: this is a Word document. Use as much room as required to answer the questions. Most questions will require at least a good solid paragraph to answer. When done, save the file using the following format. First initial last name_100_section number_CTE.docx so if I was in section 5 it would be dvaughn_100_5_CTE.docx This will be uploaded to â€Å"SafeAssign† so save it to your hard drive

Yoga poses Free Essays

Yoga is basically a scientific system of mental and physical practices that did originate from India. Its role is to offer help to people in order to achieve the highest potential as well as experience happiness and health. In our daily life, it is significant to learn on how to relax after some time through practicing some beneficial activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Yoga poses or any similar topic only for you Order Now Relaxation practices as far as Yoga is concerned are beneficial and quite effective. Anyone who practices yoga usually begins to deeply appreciate the breadth and the depth of its major benefits. It is therefore imperative to analyze some of the yoga poses; camel, tree, chair and child’s pose and come up with some of their benefits as well as contraindications. Benefits of Tree (Vrksasana) Adapted from http://www. yogajournal. com/poses/496 Vrksasana tree pose usually means standing with your hand as it is raised towards the sky (Kevin, 2010). The tree pose is beneficial in the fact that it strengthens your calves, ankles, thighs and spine. It stretches the groin, chest and thighs as well as improving one’s balance. Through practicing tree, one reduces the flat feet and it enhances mental stability and concentration. It also relieves Sciatica. Basically, this pose helps a lot in strengthening every part of the body and to create a calmer and stable body. The shoulders and the arms stretch up thus all the bones in the body also gets to have a great massage. There is always a fresh supply of the blood because of the tilted pose. It stretches the muscles, arms, wrists and the shoulders making them agile and flexible. The pose usually strengthens ones strength and helps in amplifying the stamina. The balancing act usually helps one to remain completely cool and calm because of the stability that it usually offers. There is always a calming effect of the mind that helps in making the brain to remain relaxed. Contraindications/ cautions of Tree (Vrksasana) Some of the contraindications of this pose are that it causes headache, insomnia and low blood pressure. For those people who have high blood pressure, they should not raise their arms overhead (Shannon, 2005). Personal benefits of Tree (Vrksasana) pose This pose is quite beneficial to me as it tones the muscles of the legs and it improves my sense of poise and balance. It also enhances my concentration and posture, strengthening my ankles my back as well as the hips. When I shift my weight onto my left foot I enhance my posture and balance making me more stable. With lots of practice I have also learnt to pose with my eyes closed as I exhale thus leaving me completely at ease and calm. The pose has enabled me to be more flexible and agile. Challenges and goals It is usually challenging for me at times to stand on one leg and build balance. I get so challenged when I have to focus since focusing and concentration is quite important. It gets hard when I have to stay for around 30 seconds to around I minute resting my hands on the top of my pelvis. I feel some slight headache which ebbs shortly leaving me relaxed. The pose is meant to enhance my balance and since I have a stiff back, to reduce sciatica leaving me flexible and calm. Benefits of Camel (Ustrasana) pose and the goals Adapted from www. quickfityoga. com The camel pose is beneficial as it compresses the spine and relieves the back problems (Camel pose, 2010). It also helps in digestion as it opens the rib cage and the lungs. It is helpful in stimulating the nervous system, helps in bronchial problems, strengthens the shoulder muscles as well as the back, improves the flexion of the neck, stretches one’s throat and helps in elimination of the toxins. It is also beneficial in flushing fresh blood via the kidneys. The major goal in practicing camel is to stretch the immense hip flexors, strengthen the back muscles as well as improve my posture. Contraindications Some of the contraindications are low and high blood pressure, migraine headache, serious low back as well as neck injury and insomnia. Challenges of camel Camel is one of the poses that is extremely challenging to me. I usually find it completely hard on my knees and my neck always feels pinched whenever I let my head drop backwards. It is also intense on my back and always makes me feel like screaming. I also experience some slight headache. Personal benefits of camel The pose stresses my entire front and leaves me feeling calm and flexible. With some few practices my back is stronger and my posture has improved. Before I started the camel class I used to feel anxious and fatigued which has hence ebbed with time. Benefits of – Chair (Utkatasana) and goals Adapted from http://yoga. about. com/od/yogaposes/a/utkatasana. htm The chair pose helps a lot in strengthening the arms. Thus the main goal in having this pose is to make the thighs strong. This helps to strengthen the calves, spine and ankles (Chair pose, 2010). In addition it stretches the chest and the shoulders, stimulates the heart, diaphragm and the abdominal organs. It also helps in reducing the flat feet. Contraindications The major contraindications are insomnia, headache and low blood pressure. Challenges of the chair pose and personal benefits The chair pose is quite challenging for my upper body. The idea of pressing my hands flat together and straightening the arms directly makes me feel uneasy. I feel like my shoulders, thighs and chest are blocked. I also feel intense headache and dizziness but it leaves me feeling great. The major personal benefits are that it has helped a lot in the opening of my hips and the thighs as well as warming my entire body. My knees, hips and ankles have stabilized with time and I feel more flexible. Benefits of Child’s pose (Balasana) and its goals Adapted from http://www. yogajournal. com/poses/475/ The major benefit of the child’s pose is that it helps in relieving back pain. It is a brilliant resting pose as it is useful after strenuous postures for example headstand thus restoring the body’s circulation and acts as a counter pose to the back bends. Its main goal is to help in deep relaxation and is called the child’s pose because one usually forms the shape of the baby. It is beneficial in the fact that since the head is lower than the heart, there is more circulation on the face. It works on muscles and is a major natural therapy to stress, depression, anxiety and fatigue. It calms the brain and helps in relieving neck and back pain. Contraindications It may lead to diarrhea and knee injury and pregnant mothers are advised not to have it. Also it should be done under supervision of an experienced teacher (child’s pose, 2010). Challenges and personal benefits Child’s pose tones and strengthens my ankles, hips and thighs. The longer I hold the pose the more I feel at ease and calm. The pose usually relaxes my brains and clears all the negative thoughts. It also helps me to focus as I breathe deeply during the pose as I inhale some positive thoughts and exhale all tensions. Child’s pose is quite challenging for my ankles as I feel intense pain. To ease the pain I slip a rolled cloth directly to the joints and as my knees are not comfortable with kneeling I place a chip foam or blanket between the heels and the butt. References Brophy, Shannon. 2005. Vrksasana. Retrieved 2, June, 2010 http://www.yoga.com/ydc/enlighten/enlighten_document.asp?ID=351section=9cat=144 Camel pose. 2010. Retrieved 2, June, 2010 http://www.yogajournal.com/poses/688 Chair pose. 2010. Retrieved from 2, June 2010 http://www.yogajournal.com/poses/493 Pederson, Kevin. 2010. Benefits and importance of Adho Mukha Vrksasana. Retrieved 2, June, 2010http://www.yogawiz.com/articles/4/yoga-asana-benefits/benefits-and-importance-of-adho-mukha-vrksasana.html How to cite Yoga poses, Papers

Morse Code Essay Example For Students

Morse Code Essay The Alphabet is: A .- B -†¦ C -.-. D -.. E . F ..-. G –. H †¦. I .. J .— K -.- L .-.. M — N -. O — P .–. Q –.- R .-. S †¦ T U ..- V †¦- W .– X -..- Y -.– Z –.. 1 .—- 2 ..— 3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 4 †¦.- 5 †¦.. 6 -†¦. 7 –†¦ 8 —.. 9 —-. 0 —– There you have it! There are also puncuation marks but not included here. I History, the morse code was first transmitted from one point to another in 1844. It was developed by just looking at the printing press collection of letters and by counting each letter, a pattern was found where the letters E, T, I, A, N, R, M are the most numerous and so they are given shorter morse codes. that does not take as long to transmit words. This was the basis of long distance communication and Telegraph was born. Signals travelled along the poles beside rail road tracks since the rail road was cross-country and was a direct route between Telegraph repeater sites (evey 40 miles the signal needs to be repeated) and it was easy to evesdrop as relays were used at the sites. For more information, check your encyclopedia or CD-ROM version. Morse Code Morse code is composed of dots and dashes, it’s used by commercial and amateur stations in everywhere on earth. It was developed by just looking at the printing press collection of letters and by counting each letter, a pattern was found where the letters E, T, I, A, N, R, M are the most numerous and so they are given shorter morse codes, that does not take as long to transmit words. This was the basis of long distance communication and Telegraph was born. Signals travelled along the poles beside rail road tracks since the rail road was cross-country and was a direct route between Telegraph repeater sites (every 40 miles the signal needs to be repeated) and it was easy to drop as relays were used at the sites. The inventer of Morse code is Samuel F. B. Morse. Samuel was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts on April 27, 1791. He entered Yale University when he was 14 years old, and went to England to study art when he finished university. He went back to United States in 1815 and married Lucretia Pickering Walker in 1818. In 1825, his wife died, while he was away from the city. He learned his wife died after three days because the lack of transportation. So he thought of a way to send message over great distances with the use of an electromagnet, wires and batteries. He quitted his career of being an artist and starting to work on his invention. He applied for a patent on his invention in 1837. He sent the first message from Capital in Washington on May 24, 1844. The message is,†What hath God wrought!† and it’s received in Baltimore almost as soon as it was sent!! The Alphabet and the Numbers are: A .-B -†¦ C -.-. D -..E .F ..-. G –. H †¦. I ..J .— K -.- L .-.. M —N -.O — P .–. Q –.- R .-. S †¦ T -U ..- V †¦- W .– X -..- Y -.– Z –.. 1 .—- 2 ..— 3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 4 †¦.- 5 †¦.. 6 -†¦. 7 –†¦ 8 —.. 9 —-. 0 —– The punctation are: Period ._._._ Comma __..__ Interrogation ..__.. Colon ___†¦ Semicolon _._._. Quotation Mark ._.._. SOS †¦___†¦ Start _._ End ._._. Understand ._. Wait ._†¦Error †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ——————————————————————————

13 EssentialJob InterviewTips to Help You Get Hired

13 EssentialJob InterviewTips to Help You Get Hired SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Oh, job interviews. Love them or fear them, there’s no getting around interviewsfor most working people. Luckily, interviewing’s a skill like any other, and there are lots of ways you can practice and improve your game. This guide contains the best strategies for getting ready for a job interview and making an excellent impression on the hiring manager. Read on for13 essentialtips on what you should do before, during, and after your interview to land your target job! Before the Interview†¦ There are lots of steps you can take to planfora job interview, from practicing your responses to common interview questions to picking out your outfit the night before. Preparation will not only help you rock your interview, but it will also calm your nerves by reducing all those scary unknowns. Read on for the six most important ways to get readyin the days leading up to your interview. #1: Map Your Route The last thing you want to happen on the day of your job interview is to be late. It would be pretty much the worst to end up running into the building feeling frazzled and out of breath. Getting lost and being late are disorienting and will distract you from doing a good job. To prevent this from happening, you should plan how and when to get to your interview beforehand. Map out the route and get a sense of traffic conditions or train schedule on that day. Then write down a schedule for that morning - when you need to wake up, meal prep, getting dressed - or whatever else you cando to take control of timing. A good rule of thumb is to plan to arrive near the building 25% of your total time early. If the commute takes two hours, try to be there 30 minutes early. If it takes 30 minutes, then give yourself seven to ten minutes of extra leeway. Then you can hang out and enter the building about five minutes before your interview. If you’re late on the day of your interview, you’ll get stressed outand start out on the wrong foot.If you walk in way too early, you'll probably make the other employees feel awkward as you lurkinthe entrance hall. While you’re surely preparing what to say, don’t forget to planfor a smooth, punctual arrival, too! #2: Dress the Part In addition to planning your route to get to your interview, you should also think about what you’re going to wear.Business casual clothes tend to be best, otherwiseknown as "corporate classics." You might also get a sense of what employees tend to wear on a day-to-day basis. If you know anyone that works there, that person could be a great source of intel. Of course, those employees have already been hired, so you should dress a little â€Å"up† from what they’re wearing. In general, it's better to err on the side of slightly more formal, rather than less. Pick out your outfit and do any ironing or dry cleaning in advance. By picking out your clothes, you can make your morning easier, look great, and feel more confident. Lookin' sharp. And also like a groomsman in a wedding. This outfit might err on the side of too dressy. #3: Print Your Materials Besides your fabulous self in your corporate classic outfit, what do you need to bring to the interview? Unless instructed otherwise, it’s a good idea to bring a few copies of your resume. You might print out five or so, especially if you’re interviewing with more thanone person. In addition to the interview, you could bring a list of references with contact information or perhaps recommendation letters themselves. You might also have supplemental materials, likea portfolio of work, your sales record, or even a two-month plan you drew up to show the hiring manager what steps you’d take in the new position. Print everything out a day or two beforehand; printers have a habit of breaking at the worst possible time. Gather everything in a folder or binder so that it’s organized and accessible. You wouldn’t want to go shuffling through your bag, taking out old receipts and gum wrappers, in search of your resume right after you just finished telling the interviewer how organized you are! #4: Do Your Research Before the interview is your time to dig deeply into the organization and job. Learn everything you can about the job description and company, like its mission, workplace values, and overall culture. If applicable, you might considerways thecompany could improveand how you could contribute to those positive changes. During the interview, you want to show that you’re knowledgeable about the organization and enthusiastic to join it. By doing thorough research online or by speaking to current or former employees, you can tailor everythingyou say to the new job and company. You can also use what you learned to inform any questions you have for yourinterviewer. Overall, your goal in the interview is to show that you’re qualified and that you have a clear understanding of the job. By doing your research, you can be strategic about what you say and make sure all your answers match up to the opportunity at hand. Inch your nose a little closer to that grindstone! It's time to do some research. #5: Investigate Your Interviewer Beyond learning about the new job and organization, you can also do some investigating about your interviewer. Thanks to LinkedIn, Twitter, and the internet in general, you may be able to get some intel on your interviewer before meeting her in person. Learning about your interviewercan be one more way to be strategic about your answers during the interview. You might uncover common ground, like you both went to the same college or love to play ultimate frisbee, and work it into the conversation. You might be able to spark a connection that you otherwise wouldn’t have known about. OnLinkedIn, your interviewer will likely see that you visited her page. I spoke with a fewinterviewers who said they'dlook favorably on this LinkedIn research as a sign that you're doing your due diligence. They added that they wouldn't be too pleased if you tried to add them as a connection, though. Connecting on LinkedIn should be saved for people that you know. Finally, doing some research on your interviewer is also one other way to help you feel prepared. You can gain a sense of her professional and educational background. This knowledge can help you feel less nervous than you might walking into an interview with a completely anonymous person. #6: Prepare for Questioning The main part of your interview preparation should be thinking about your responses to common interview questions. Just about any interviewer will have questions on hand to explore your background and qualifications. Your interviewer will likely also ask follow-up questions aimed todig even deeper intowhat you have to say. Some common questions include, "Tell me about yourself," "Why do you want this job?" and "What would you contribute in this role?" The hiring manager might also ask you to share specific experiences of times that you achieved something, failed, managed conflict, or demonstrated leadership. In preparing your responses, you should think of ways that you can show that you possess the core competencies that the interviewer's looking for. Once you comeup with your responses, you might also practice by doingmock interviews with a friend - or a mirror! Practice what you would say, aiming to sound natural rather thanrehearsed. You may not have a word-for-word script, but you should make sure to hit salient points. Now that you have a sense of the main steps to prepare in the weeks and days leading up to the interview, let’s go over a few interview tips that apply during the meeting. What can you do to feel confident and make a great impression? Do mock interviewswith a friend to perfectyour responsesand body language. During the Interview... Now for the main event! The interview's your chance to prove to the hiring manager that she should hire you. It's also an opportunity for you to learn more about the position and organization. There's a lot to juggle during the interview, but below are the most important job interview tips for answering prompts, asking questions, and making sure your body language communicates the right message. #7: Be Clear and Concise A lot of interview questions are open-ended (for instance, tell me about yourself), but that doesn’t mean you should tell your whole life story. You want to avoid going off on tangents, and instead produce concise answers that make an impact. Aim to speak for about one to two minutes in response to most interview questions. Try to structure and conclude your answers in a clear way. Without preparation, it’s all too easy to trail off at the end with a vague, â€Å"So, yeah†¦Ã¢â‚¬  You can practice this before the meeting with mock interview practice. Then, when you actually sit down with your interviewer, you'll be ready to deliver your ideas in a clear and impactful way. For more on what this looks like, check out our sample answers to common interview questions here. #8: Ace Behavioral Questions A lot of interviewers ask behavioral questions that call for specific examples. "Describe a time you demonstrated leadership," is one example. "Could you speak to a time that your behavior impacted your team?" is another. Then there’s the dreaded, "Talk about a time that you failed." These can be some of the hardest questions to answer. If you’re caught off guard, then it’s easy for your mind to go blank. Or you might have a lot of situations pop into your mind, but you’re not sure which one you should choose. Ideally, you can choose a success story that illustrates you possess one of the major qualities the hiring manager is looking for. Similarly, if you’re asked to talk about a failure, don’t mention a time you failed because you lack one of the job’s core competencies. As with all your answers, aim to be strategic. Ideally, everything you say willgo on the hiring manager’s list of reasons to hire you. When it comes to questions that deal with weaknesses or mistakes, make sure to focus on the experience as an opportunity for growth and talk about what you did to overcome your problem. Don’t evade the question, but move on from the error to focus on the positive that came from it. Again, be strategic about the examples you choose. Your stories should show that you’ve taken actions in the past that point to your successin thefuture. You might be asked to talk about a specific time you handled conflict, demonstrated leadership, or dealt with a hot air balloon burner blast valvemalfunction (the last one being most relevant for aspiringhot air balloon pilots). #9: Embrace the Culture Beyond showing that you’re qualified, you also want to show that you’d make a strong cultural fit. Here’s where all the research you did before comes in handy. Learn about the company’s values and show that you share those same commitments in your answers. The interviewer may ask you about your work style, relationships with coworkers, or professional values. These types of questions all relate backto cultural fit. Keep an eye out for these questions and realize that they'reopportunities to show why you’d makea great addition to the team. #10: Ask Questions Don’t be fooled into thinking that an interview’s a one-sided interrogation. You should feel free, even obliged, to ask your interviewer questions throughout your time together.The meeting’s not just a chance for the hiring manager to get to know you, but it’s also an opportunity for you to learn more about the job and organization and pick the brain of someone who works there. In addition to getting you more information, asking questions isone more way to show your enthusiasm and readiness to learn. It demonstrates your active interest in the organization. You should save at least two or three good questions for the end of the interview. Most hiring managers ask, â€Å"Do you have any questions for me?†Your answer should always be yes! You might use the ones you prepared or draw on new ones you thought of throughout your conversation. You might ask about a typical day in the office, the organization’s short-term and long-term goals, or what your teammates would be like. You could also do some research on what CEO’s say are their favorite questions from applicants. CEO of Likable, Dave Kerpen, for instance, loved the question, â€Å"How will the work I’ll be doing contribute to the organization’s mission?† as he thought it showed the applicant really cared abouther work and had an eye on the big picture. You can find a longer list of potential questions to ask your interview in this complete guide. As with all your interview prep, make sure to tailor your questions to the target job and organization. Make sure to ask questions to show yourinterest in the position. Good question 1 + good question 2 + good question 3 = pure enthusiasm, as this equation clearly shows. #: Show Enthusiasm Hiring managers want to invest in someone who’s dedicated to the organization and eager to contribute. Taking on a new hire is a significant investment, so enthusiasm for the job is a major factor when deciding who to choose. You can show your excitement through how prepared you are, how much you know about the job and company, and any specific plans you have for what you’d bring to the role. Avoid saying anythingthat could indicate you’re not veryinterested; for instance, don’t ask about how soon you can move up in the company or suggest that the job’s just a steppingstone for you. Instead, express your enthusiasmand show how you’ll channel that positive energyto bring value to the company. #12: Be Aware of Your Body Language Beyond what you say, your body language also communicates a greatdeal. If you’re nervous, it can feel like your hands and arms are doing their own thing independent of your body. Try to be aware of any physical tension and rein it back in. Slouching, crossing both your arms and legs, or perching on the edge of your seat could indicate discomfort, nervousness, or a sense of being closed off. Try toconsciously face your interviewerwith your whole body to show that yourattention is focused on her and what she has to say. Similarly, facing your interviewer directly can show that you're engaged and actively listening. As you do your mock interviews, consider what your body language is communicating and how you can show that you’re confident in your qualifications for the job. The interview process doesn’t actually end when you say goodbye and leavethe room. There are a few more steps that you should take after the interview if you’re serious about getting the job. Read on to learn what you can do after the meeting to solidify your good impression. This crossed arms stance says, "Go away. I'm too cool to talk to you." The moose head belt buckle, though, might undermine that last claim. After the Interview... Your final handshake on the way out the door shouldn't be your last communication with the hiring manager. Instead, you should follow up with her via a thoughtful note. Read on to see what you can say to make your note stand out from the pack. #13: Send a Thank You Note and Follow Up You may have heard that it’s a best practice to follow up with your interviewer after the meeting. But how exactly should you follow up, and what should you say? In most cases, it’s fine to send an email. Depending on the manager and company, a handwritten note might also add a creative, personalized touch. As for the content of your follow-up, you should make sure to thank the interviewer for her time. You should also restate your interest in the position. Beyond these two essentials, you should consider other ways to personalize your note. For instance, you could touch on something specific the two of you talked about or add some more thoughts in response to an interview question. Perhaps you could send a link to an articlethat came up or even news about an activity or movie you'd both discovered was a sharedfavorite. Adding these kinds of extra details is one more way to make a connection with your interviewer and make sure she remembers you. After your follow-up, you’ll likely wait to hear from the employer about next steps or, ideally, the decision to hire you! If the hiring process involves a second round of interviews, then make sure to keepprepping for the next one. Now that you've taken a look at the 13 essential tips for interview prep, let's go over the key takeaways toremember as you get ready to rock your job interview. Sending a thoughtful follow-up after your interview's a nice touch. Sending a basket of red roses is overkill. Key Takeaways for Job Interview Success Interviews can be daunting, and they become even more nerve-wracking if you don’t what to expect. To reduce the unknowns and feel more confident, you should take plenty of time to plan and prepare. Plan how to get to the interview and what to wear. Prepare what you’ll say during the interview and how you’ll follow up afterward. All of this preparation will helpyou feel more confident, especially if you have trouble thinking on your feet in unfamiliar situations. Other strategies can help you feel more bold, too. Try to get a good night’s sleep so you can be energetic and alert. Proactively reduce stress by exercising and consuming less caffeine and sugar. You might even tryâ€Å"power posing† with your hands on your hipsfor two minutes before going into the interview (ideally, where someone can’t see you). Our minds are parts of our bodies, after all, so prioritizing physical self-care can only help get your head in a good place before interviewing. Ultimately, your best bet for job interview success is to show up deeply informed about the new job and organization. Give thoughtful, tailored responses that show you have the core competencies your interviewer seeks and would excel in the new role. Know your audience. Prepare yourself.Get the job. Easy enough, right? What’s Next? You know that you should prepare your responses to common interview questions, but what exactly are those questions? Check out this comprehensive guide for the top 100 questions asked in a job interview! Are you wondering how to structure your responses? This guide has real sample answers to seven of the most common job interview questions. Are you in the midst of the job hunt? Check out this guide for six free cover letter samples, plus a step-by-step cover letter template to guide you through the writing process. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Rebecca Safier About the Author Rebecca graduated with her Master's in Adolescent Counseling from the Harvard Graduate School of Education. She has years of teaching and college counseling experience and is passionate about helping students achieve their goals and improve their well-being. 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The Death Of Ivan Ilych

The Death Of Ivan Ilych In "The Death of Ivan Ilych"‚ , the setting for this novella begins in the law courts. The second home of the main character Ivan. The story is told to us by explicit authorial comment, as the author is the narrator. Th author also used revelation through dialogue, depicted action, and the dialogue of other characters. It is with all of these methods that Leo Tolstoy reveals to us his and Ivan's feelings about death. A person gets the feeling that Ivan Ilych and Leo Tolstoy were very similar.When the story opens a group of Ivan's colleagues have gathered and they are discussing his death. They reminisce about the man they knew and immediately they all begin to think about the changes and the promotions his death will bring about. You learn that one of these men, Peter Ivanovich, was one of Ivan's closest friends. He and Ivan grew up together and went to law school together as well.IVAN PENEHEThe next scene is at the funeral of Ivan, which is held at his home. It is here that t he author introduces us to Ivan's widow, Praskovya Fedorovna. As the widow talks to Peter she begins by explaining how much Ivan suffered in his last three days. "He screamed unceasingly not for minutes but for hours. For the last three days he screamed incessantly."‚  (40) Just reading this you may think that his wife has some sympathy for her dead husband's suffering. But then she continues, "It was unendurable. I cannot understand how I bore it; you could hear him three rooms off. Oh, what I have suffered!"‚  (40) Now it turns into how much she has suffered. Tolstoy I feel used revelation through dialogue effectively in giving us the feeling that Mrs. Ilych is cold and uncaring. Peter...

Read Articles and point out important points Essay

Read Articles and point out important points - Essay Example In addition, values and protocols that exist in the current culture that are viewed as essential for the required change must be reinforced and utilized. It is equally important to promote a participative environment by minimizing resistances to change. Let the members have time to internalize the change and provide coping mechanisms during the transitional stress while dealing accordingly with burden members of the organization. Finally, the momentum of change must be maintained by constantly and publicly recognizing the new behaviors and achievements, especially on the individual level. Change can be based on economic value and organizational capability. The economic value is usually measured by shareholder value while organizational capability rests on the development of corporate culture and is measured by employee’s commitment and learning behavior. The hard approach (economic value) normally involves heavy use of economic incentives, drastic layoffs, downsizing, and restructuring. In contrast, soft approach (organizational capability) involves feedback systems, reflective management and participative environment. The six dimensions of corporate change are goals, leadership, focus, process, reward system, and use of consultants. The challenge for leaders is how economic value and organizational capability theories must be combined and applied in the dimensions of corporate change. In this synergy of theories, change can happen by increasing productivity while enriching your corporate culture with intelligent and practical use of resources and external entities. This can be implemented through flexible and collaborative effort, to some extent, of executives with much knowledge and dedication to direct and immerse to the level of their subordinates. In a knowledge-based economy, in which value creation depends increasingly

Honeywell Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Honeywell Company - Case Study Example Honey well company divided payout has increased over the years, this increase can be associated with the increased efforts to increase labor productivity through outsourcing, the following chart shows dividends paid out by the company over the years: data was retrieved from yahoo finance From the above chart it is evident that the divided payout level were low for the period 1976 to 1992 with only slight increases, for the period 1992 to 2000 the divided payout amount increased at an increasing rate and for the period 2000 to 2004 dividends remained constant and for the period 2004 to 2008 the divided payout amount increased at an increasing rate, this shows that there has been an increase in the profitability of the company and this has been due to increased efforts top outsource cheap labor in other parts of the world. From the above chart it is evident that productivity has increased over the years, labor productivity increased gradually for the period 1987 to 1993 but declined in the period 1993 to 1997. For the period 1997 to 2000 labor productivity increased and this increase in labor productivity can also be associated with outsourcing, this is because aerospace manufacturing companies have increased productivity of labor through outsourcing. Major findings: From the above trends it is evident that the profitability of the Honeywell company has increased over the years, this increase can be attributed to reduced production costs that are realized through outsourcing, it is also evident that labor productivity in the aerospace industry has also gradually increased over the years, their productivity level indicates the labor costs incurred by companies with relation to production, it is therefore evident that through outsourcing companies are able to increase their profitability. Other sources of data: Data on labor productivity and divided yield could also be collected in other ways, the above are secondary sources of data and other primary sources could be used in the collection of data, data can be collected through interview and questionnaires, in order to collect this data a research questionnaire should be prepared or an interview conducted with the company representative where data could be collected and recorded. Primary sources are that best sources of data although they are time consuming and costly compared to secondary sources. Regression analysis: Data variables will include labor productivity and dividends paid out each year for the company, the following table shows the data used: Year labor productivity Honeywell company dividends 1988 87.409 0.51875 1989 87.646 0.45 1990 89.095 0.45 1991 94.098 0.4 1992 96.494 0.25 1993 101.304 0.29 1994 95.564 0.3245 1995 95.652 0.39 1996 99.413 0.45 1997 100 0.52 1998 119.149 0.6 1999 120.8 0.68 2000 103.394 0.752 2001 115.688 0.752 2002 118.649 0.752 2003 119.019 0.752 2004 113.245 0.752 2005 124.959 0.824 2006 117.935 0.908 This section

Describe and critically assess the main challenges faced by trade Essay

Describe and critically assess the main challenges faced by trade unions in Britain today - Essay Example The problems began in 1980s following the entrance of Thatcher into the helm of Britain politics in 1979 and have extended beyond 1990s due to unavoidable social, economic and political changes that altered the labour market in the United Kingdom. Social, economic and political changes in Britain have interfered with the bargaining power of trade unions to champion for better pay, improved working conditions and obstruct alteration of existing pro-employee laws and regulations that protected the employees from unfair treatments of their employers (Heery 2002). Trade Unions in Britain have increased their efforts to increase it members of to trade unions but it proves a hard nut to crack. This is because the collective bargaining and the union power have been paralyzed. With the current membership decline among the unions, several questions have been raised concerning the impact of unions in the workplace. The main challenges faced by trade unions in Britain today The first challenge facing the trade unions in Britain is declining membership. According to Achur (2009), report from the Department for Business Innovation and skills revealed that the number of trade union members who were employed fell by 2.3 percent to 7.1 million members in 2008. Furthermore, there was a further decline of one hundred and sixty five thousand members in 2009. Reducing number of trade union members is disturbing because sustainability of trade unions in future is threatened. Reduction of membership is attributed to changes in various human resources and management practices of many organisations in the United Kingdom. Changes in human resources and management policies introduced practices such as team working, team briefings, quality circles and different profit sharing schemes. The new practices increased the levels commitment of all employees to their organisation. These organisations’ practices have paralyzed trade unions activities because it has made some of the members to withdraw from them. Therefore, trade unions are losing their bargaining power against employers and their influence among the workers is diminishing significantly (Kochan and Lansbury 1997). The second challenge facing the trade unions in Britain is political interference. When Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister in 1979, there were over thirteen million members of the trade union. At that time, trade unions influenced every from work related matters to politics. Thatcher was not happy about it and she chose to weaken them through reforms under the tinder-dry Norman Tebbit. The powerful and militant Trotskyite union leaders were stripped off power and the power was handed over to ordinary members of the union. The Lawson secondary picketing and strike ballots were also changed. As a result, the structure of the trade unions were significantly weakened (Opinion 2011). Since Thatcher’s time, labour laws in Britain have changed. Changes in labour laws have never been friendly to the trade unions. Trade unions have experienced weakening support from the government as politics change. The conservative government also in the United Kingdom enacted policies and legislations that weakened the trade unions. This is evident when conservative government gave management of the organisations authority over the employees through change of labour laws (Waddington 2003). Therefore, the level and capacity

Trauma Narratives in Post-War and Postcolonial Fiction

Trauma Narratives in Post-War and Postcolonial Fiction Trauma Narratives in Post-War and Postcolonial Fiction â€Å"There are wounds that never show on the body that are deeper and more hurtful than anything that bleeds.† Laurel K. Hamilton, Mistral’s Kiss â€Å"The traumatized soul finds no rest in conditions of peace. It’s forever questing for violence, for action, for the same combination of factors which gave rise to it in the first place.† Matthew S. Williams I. Introduction From a hunting-gathering economy and communal property, societies have developed to today’s market-oriented, profit-driven economies and privatization. In the span of history, the transitions and developments of nations are determined by its struggle for survival. These include the desire to expand territories for raw materials and showcase of power which have led to the wars and conflicts that we know from our history books. We now live in an age of global economies, high-tech industries, cyber technology, and an even more complex geopolitics. Modernity has caused a lot of suffering aside from its advantages. We have advanced in curing a number of diseases, replaced manual labor with automated machines, revved up academic research and discovered alternative energy resources yet we still face socio-political, economic, cultural and environmental issues today. These include demanding jobs but below average salaries, unmet social needs and services, political instability and even environmental disasters. These lead to civil unrest, rise of assorted nationalist and separatist movements and other issue-specific mobilizations, and even armed resistance. There are also intangible forces at play which contribute to humanity’s dilemma. Traditional values, social constraints, taboos, inequalities, and the role of religion reinforce the contradictions experienced by an individual. One should also keep in mind the role of history. Stronger nations invade and occupy smaller and weaker ones to expand their influence and enforce them to be their subjects. A good example for this is the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and the historical events that followed. These unsettling experiences demoralize people and poses great effects to their mentality. This paper will explore the function of literature as a testimony of traumatic experiences and as an embodiment of individual and collective memory. The works of John Updike, William Golding and F. Sionil Josà ©, a Filipino English-language writer, will be the focus of this research of post-war and postcolonial fiction. Their works can be read as manifestations of trauma and demonstrate the psychological effects of historical and catastrophic events such as armed conflicts and the post-war, postcolonial condition as they are experienced by the characters in their novels. In addition, we will look at the authors’ style of writing in preserving memories of psychic pain and suffering and how successful they are in representing traumatic experiences in fiction. Using different literary theories, we will also try to explore several issues such as identity, social and gender roles and social classification among others. Through reading these literary texts, we can hope to see more in the historical realm and uncover long forgotten issues of the past and link it to the present. My thesis is divided into several parts. The first part will define trauma and establish the existing theoretical bases of its studies in literature. Here I shall determine how trauma is represented in literature and how it contains memories of pain and suffering and how it functions in its recollection. Trauma will be analyzed in this chapter as not being a theoretically ‘fixed-in-time’ phenomenon but rather unpredictably experienced through different contexts that reminds a traumatized individual of a horrifying experience. The next chapter is where I look at the thin line between trauma and fiction. I shall recall the basic functions of literature and understand the significance of trauma in literature. There is that difficulty of articulating memories of a dark past and an overwhelming experience whether it is recent or long forgotten, and through writing fiction an individual is provided an opportunity to express it in a less obtrusive method instead of an intrusive one-to-one conversation. I shall also evaluate the healing function of writing trauma in fiction as an individual and a collective. The following chapter will be the introduction of the works of John Updike, an American writer, William Golding, an English writer, and Francisco Sionil Josà ©, a Filipino English-language writer. Here I will discuss the contexts of trauma in their works and tackle the themes in their works, as well as, the different literary elements that complete their whole work that embody memories of a traumatic past such as memories of war, resistance, and other modes of violence. The last part will be the conclusion and synthesis of the significance of writing trauma narratives in fiction and the highlights of representation of memory and trauma. II. Theories of Trauma Theories of trauma are not new in the field of literary studies. In her introduction to Trauma: Explorations in Memory, Cathy Caruth states that the issue of trauma is derived from different discourses which include psychiatry, psychoanalysis and sociology that addressed the questions after catastrophic wars (Caruth 3: 1995). Today, there has been an even more increasing interest in trauma as a research topic in literature. Works such as Laurie Vickroy’s Trauma and Survival in Contemporary Fiction and Debora Horvitz’s Literary Trauma: Sadism, Memory, and Sexual Violence in American Women’s Fiction are some of the recent studies. By 1980, trauma became a â€Å"solid status of inquiry† and became known as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) by the American Psychiatric Association (Caruth 3). This phenomenon included what the soldiers experienced after combat such as symptoms of â€Å"shell shock, combat stress, delayed stress syndrome, and traumatic neurosis† (Caruth 3). Due to its official recognition as a pathological classification, it provided means in diagnosing other reactions to extreme events that affect the human psyche. These include not only the effects of fighting in the battlefield or aftereffects of an environmental disaster, but also rape, child abuse, and other violent situations (Caruth 3). In her master dissertation, Minczingerovà ¡ points out that traumatic experience â€Å"fails to be integrated into the consciousness and continues to haunt the survivors later on through flashbacks, dreams and intrusive thoughts. (2)† In the most general definition, Caruth defines trauma as an overwhelming experience of sudden catastrophic events (Caruth 29: 1996). She further states that: From [Freud’s] early claims, in the Project for a Scientific Psychology, that a trauma consist of two scenes—the earlier (in childhood) having sexual content but no meaning, the later (after puberty) having no sexual content but sexual meaning—to his later claims, in Moses and Monotheism, that trauma occurs only after latency period, Freud seems to have been concerned [†¦] with the way in which trauma is not a simple or single experience of events but that events, insofar as they are traumatic, assume their force precisely in their temporal delay. (Caruth 9: 1995) This brings us to Michelle Balaev’s point in literary criticism on trauma in fiction in which she underlines the importance of â€Å"the relationship between psychic trauma, memory and landscape.† Her interest on the concept of trauma is not it being a temporal but rather a spatial phenomenon since it is not just registered in one setting but rather experienced further and tends to â€Å"resurface in flashbacks, nightmares, and repetitive reenactments (Rodi-Risberg 2012).† As a subject that involves the human psyche, it is imperative to discuss the contributions of Sigmund Freud to the field of trauma studies. Minczingerovà ¡ points out that: He is still a prominent figure at least in the cultural and literary studies of trauma (even though he is often dismissed in therapeutic and medical discourses), and also because this thesis draws upon some of his concepts, albeit, as it will be pointed out, in a slightly different way from Freud’s intended usages (3). Freud was troubled about the soldiers who returned home after the First World War who â€Å"displayed symptoms of what came to be known as shell shock (Minczingerovà ¡ 3).† He coined the term â€Å"repetition compulsion† which concluded his observation that a person who experienced an overwhelming situation such as war tend to be obsessed at reliving or reenacting the event. A. Running away as a defense mechanism in Updike’s Rabbit, Run Around 1958, John Updike suffered an existential crisis, one that have been brewing for several years. He explained in his work Odd Jobs, â€Å"Amid my new responsibilities, I felt fearful and desolate, foreseeing, young as I was, that I would die, and that the substance of the earth was, therefore, death.† He was saved from this abyss by two writers, namely, Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard (Danish existentialist writer) and Karl Barth (German theologian). Aside from giving answers to his religious and philosophical questions, both writers provided Updike the necessary tools to create his own theological and aesthetic vision which have influenced his literary writing, circling on matters of moral debate and goodness of man. And Rabbit, Run tells us a story of a person going through this kind of conflict, his contradictions in life and how he deals with them. The central figure of the novel is Harry â€Å"Rabbit† Angstrom, 26-year-old, former high school basketball MVP, who is trapped in a failing marriage, and has a life full of frustration, dissatisfaction and weariness that results to his escapism and therefore hurting those around him. He is married to Janice Springer-Angstrom only because he got her pregnant with Nelson, who is now a toddler. Wanting to escape, he abandons both Nelson and Janice who is already pregnant with their second child Rebecca June. He goes to his former coach Marty Tothero to ask help or guidance with his life. Instead, they go out to see girls and Rabbit meets Ruth, winding up together. While living with Ruth, Jack Eccles, a young local minister, tries to fix Rabbit and Janice’s marriage. At first, Rabbit was dismissive about the idea of going back to her but when he realizes she was going to labor, he leaves Ruth and rushes to the hospital. After seeing Janice’s condition, Rabbit sort o f falls in love with her again. Rabbit then becomes consumed with his carnal desire for Janice but she (after a 9-month pregnancy, being left by Rabbit for another woman, and a hard labor) did not have the capability of having sex with him. It was that night when he wanted to make love with her but then she shoved him off telling him that she is not a whore. This frustration pushes him to walk away again. This time, making Janice even more miserable, thinking that Rabbit left for good. She continues her drinking and smoking habit but even worse this time. One day, she got so drunk that she drowns their baby, Rebecca, in the bathtub. Upon hearing the news, Rabbit goes back home. At the funeral, he tells Janice it was his fault. But at the end of the day, he lashes out and puts the blame on Janice. He runs away again, going back to Ruth. Apparently, Ruth is pregnant and Rabbit is the father. He is happy and he tells her he wants them to get married. But Ruth tells him that there will be nothing between him and her an d the baby if he does not divorce his wife, Janice. He agrees to this term, then decides to go out and buy some food. On the way, he starts to doubt his decisions, the hard choice of leaving Janice for Ruth and the future of his son, Nelson. All these put him on so much pressure so he, as you may expect, runs away again. Rabbit Angstrom’s story does not require much philosophizing. His leaving is an impulsive action to escape from being trapped in a net. To understand his life, we must look at the political events and other historical forces at that time, which he barely was aware of. Through this method, we will be aware of the apparent themes in this novel. He was born in the thirties when critical historical events were happening and affected the international scene, mainly the Great Depression which was the best platform for other world powers to invade weaker nations. When Franklin Roosevelt was inaugurated as the president of the United States, he initiated the social welfare program called â€Å"New Deal† to combat the effects of and recover from the Great Depression. Employment rate skyrocketed due to America’s participation in the Second World War that resulted from the economic and political crisis. This has led to forcing most men to the combat field and women taking o ver men’s jobs. Returning from the battlefield, men grew weary and women returned to their mostly boring domestic roles. Rabbit, being one of those who gave service during the war, came back home wanting to satisfy himself with all the pleasure he can get. But he feels incomplete and unsatisfied which led him to seek for divine guidance that can light up his way or at least a human being he can look up to like his coach Tothero. He goes bored and weary of old age so he wants to relieve his younger days. This can be seen in the opening of the novel when he joins a group of young boys playing basketball and also his giving in to his sexual fantasies. However, Janice and Nelson plus his personal issues with his parents keep him anchored. This is why he always tries to run from everything, to taste freedom and find a new purpose in life. But while he runs away, everything catches up with him. Janice, who I consider a victim of her environment, is bound to an unpleasant fate. Getting pregnant before marriage was considered immoral during her younger days so she was forced to marry Rabbit. However, their marriage somehow locks her down as well. Women were expected to play domestic roles and Janice, probably thinking of achieving greater things in life, became frustrated and bored resulting to her being alcoholic and a smoker. Moreover, the media influenced many housewives on the illusion of beauty. It should be noted that Barbie became a popular icon during that time and other famous women who were considered models of perfection. Ideal families were also portrayed on regular television shows which motivated women to struggle for a perfect household. Somehow, this fact pressured her too, aside from Rabbit’s departure and living with another woman that led to her despair. Looking at the novel critically, we will realize that Rabbit’s actions are connected to his environment. It begs the question how he was raised by his parents and if he had a healthy childhood. His search for the divine, for someone he can look up to reveals the fact that he is yearning for parental love that his parents was probably not able to satisfy. A scene in the novel when Rabbit sneaks to his parents’ house and looks through the window, and describes how his parents take care of his son Nelson, means that there is inside of him a longing for affection. Yet he cannot go back to his childhood and make things happen the way he wants it to be. This creates a feeling of nothingness inside of him. However, given his freedom as an adult he is completely free to do anything. But with no one who can genuinely guide him will eventually lead to his downfall.

Automotive Fuel Vehicles :: essays research papers

INCENTIVES AND LAWS The main federal incentives for the purchase or conversion of individual alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) are the federal income tax deductions of $2,000-$50,000 for clean fuel vehicles, and the income tax credit of up to $4,000 for electric vehicles (EVs). An income tax deduction is also available for the installation of refueling or recharging facilities for AFVs. Except for the federal tax credits and deductions, most of the federal incentives are programmatic grants oriented toward large investments such as infrastructure and larger purchases. The lead federal agencies for AFV programs are the U.S. Department of Treasury (i.e., IRS), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Federal Tax Deduction This is a deduction for clean fuel vehicles and certain refueling properties. A tax deduction for the purchase of a new original equipment manufacturer (OEM) qualified clean fuel vehicle, or for the conversion of a vehicle to use a clean-burning fuel, is provided under the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct), Public Law-102-486, Title XIX-Revenue Provisions, Sec. 179A. Electric Vehicle Tax Credit.A tax credit for the purchase of qualified EVs and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is provided under EPAct Public Law-102-486, . The size of the credit is 10% of the cost of the vehicle, up to a maximum credit of $4,000. Beginning in 2001, the size of the credit is reduced by 25% per year until the credit is fully phased out. To qualify for the credit, the vehicle must be powered primarily by an electric motor. Clean Cities Program DOE's Clean Cities Program coordinates voluntary efforts between locally based government and industry to accelerate the use of alternative fuels and expand AFV refueling infrastructure. Federal Incentives EPAct establishes an incentive program for the purchase of AFVs and conversion of conventional gasoline vehicles to alternative fuels. Through federal tax incentives, companies and private individuals can offset a portion of the incremental costs associated with the purchase or conversion of an AFV. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 The Clean Air Act (CAA) was passed in 1970 to improve air quality nationwide. Congress amended the law in 1990, passing the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) and thus creating several initiatives to reinforce one of the original goals of the CAA to reduce mobile source pollutants.

Declaration of Sentiments: Blog Response Essay

After 156 years, you would think that the issues brought up in the Declaration of Sentiments would have been resolved by this day, but unfortunately that is not the case. Since the dawn of capitalism, developing around the same time period the Declaration was written, it has become one of the most powerful (if not THE most powerful) economic structures in the world. It is no coincidence that this structure has become increasingly dependent on the destruction of women’s self-image, self-respect, and self-worth in order to sell more products. In the Declaration of Sentiments, one of the grievances listed recounts men’s continuing dominance over women’s self- respect. It reads as follows: â€Å"[Man] has endeavored, in every way that he could to destroy her confidence in her own powers, to lessen her self-respect, and to make her willing to lead a dependent and abject life.† It’s heartbreaking to see that this issue is still so pervasive today. It is not a learned behavior to hate one’s own appearance, hate one’s own size, and to feel as though there is a rigid sphere in which a person should inhabit. All of these self-worth issues have repeatedly been projected at women by men for years– whether it be through religious standards, social norms, or in this case, through profit. This method is much more insidious and less blatant than the traditional concept of men literally exerting physical dominance over women. In fact, the destruction of women’s self-worth via modern capitalism is so normal that it goes completely unnoticed. It’s because of subtleties like this that some people believe that sexism is no longer a problem. However, many people don’t seem to give any thought to the fact that women aren’t born believing that they are not pretty enough, not the right size, and that there are only a set amount of career options for them. Around age seven, a roughly equal number of boys and girls have ambitions to become the president of the United States. However, when asked the same question again at age 14, the number of girls with the same ambition dropped significantly . Most of the sexism perpetrated today feels normalized and flies under the radar for most of the media-consuming population. Another subtle way in which sexism exists isn’t even committed by men—women are taking part in a cycle of misogyny and hatred of the members of their own gender. Very commonly nowadays you see young girls and even grown women claim to be different from their female peers in order to seem more appealing to men. It’s a very simple self-perpetuating way for misogyny to exist without ever being perpetrated by males. With the â€Å"not-like-other-girls† mindset, women are pitted against other women, as opposed to standing in solidarity against the very institutional sexism they have been unknowingly perpetuating. Girl-on-girl hate has been sensationalized and normalize in the media via television shows (see Gossip Girl), movies (see Mean Girls), and books (see The Clique series) all of these are specifically targeted for young girls. Often the antagonists of these stories are female peers and the happy ending or â€Å"reward† is finally getting to be with which ever boy that has been lusted over for the length of the story. While they do highlight the very real issue of bullying in schools, these stories do little to nothing to promote the friendship and commonality that young girls have together. In relation to the aforementioned grievance, self-image doesn’t have to be limited to one’s personality or appearance—it can refer to one’s gender, and can lead to the dislike of members of one’s own gender. It’s easy to focus on the issues that have yet to be resolved. However women have made many strides since this Declaration of Sentiments was written. One of the first monumental movements started, led, and accomplished by women was women’s suffrage. This led to later allowing women the equal opportunity to work in office. Smaller yet equally necessary movements have been sprouting all across the globe such as body positivity, anti-street harassment, and sex positivity, which aims to get rid of the double standard between men and women’s sexual activity. Although many feel sexism has been irradiated it is still very much alive despite the many victories women have had. Socially, politically, and sexually women have been repressed and overpowered but with hopeful generations massive amounts of development is yet to come. Bibliography Cogdon, Jessica, Claire Dietrich, and Jenny Raskin. Miss Representation. Prod. Jennifer S. Newsom. 22 Jan. 2011. Television.

102 Week 9 Journal Response Professor Ramos Blog

102 Week 9 Journal Response This week we will be learning about monster theory. For the journal, look for something related to monsters, or the theory we are talking about. It can be a Halloween post, or it could be related to a movie, book, show, etc. Get creative. Whatever text you choose, try to connect it to our monster theory. How is it connected? What reminded you of the theory? Requirements are still the same. About 250 words, summary and response to the article/tweet/post/news/etc; aka text. Comment below with a link to the text and your summary and response. 102 Week 9 Journal Response Week of 7/30/2018 – 8/3/2018 We are finishing up Monster Theory and causality. See if you can find an article that you can use for your essay on either monsters or causality. You can also write about anything that reminds you of the class and discussion. Requirements. 250 word summary and response to the article/post/news/etc; aka text. Comment below with a link to the text and your summary/response.

Essay on Natural Disasters Covering PTSD and Survivor Syndrome

Essay on Natural Disasters Covering PTSD and Survivor Syndrome Essay on Natural Disasters Covering PTSD and Survivor Syndrome The survivor syndrome, or as it is sometimes called the survivor guilt, is a psychological disorder which first was discovered in in 1960s during the examination of Holocaust victims. Recently it has been changed from a separate independent diagnosis to a symptom of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). It usually appears after a person goes through a very stressful experience like a terrorist attack, war, or natural disaster. The most vivid symptoms of this mental condition are depression, sleep pattern disruptions, nightmares, anxiety, physical weakness, etc. Why is studying this particular psychological disorder important? Just in 2017 there were massive floods in China (144 people killed) and Peru (150 people killed), an earthquake in Mexico (225 people killed), wildfires in California (40 people killed), hurricanes Irma and Harvey, naming just the biggest natural disasters. This topic will always be of great interest because we never know which catastrophe will happen tomorrow, and we must always be ready to handle the consequences and victims properly. That’s why writing an essay on natural disasters covering PTSD and survivor guilt is significant not only for your academic success, but for the whole field of psychological studies in general. Moreover, it’s essential to use the most up-to-date research findings and data. But don’t worry about that – we’ve got it covered here. 1. Comparison of Simulated Treatment and Cost-effectiveness of a Stepped Care Case-Finding Intervention vs Usual Care for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After a Natural Disaster Year: 2017 Link: http://bit.ly/2xtjfvl This work regards stepped care in terms of helping people with PTSD caused by natural disasters. It proves the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of SC in comparison with other types of cares. 2. Optimizing Clinical Thresholds for PTSD: Extending the DSM-5 Preschool Criteria to School-Age Children Year: 2017 Link: http://bit.ly/2y21Jd6 La Greca, the author of the study, reveals how it is possible to promptly notice children influenced by the natural disasters who have symptoms of PTSD. 3. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Following Disasters: a Systematic Review Year: 2007 Link: http://bit.ly/2z3Ghtl The researches investigate how different types of disasters (natural, technological, human-made, etc.) can cause different types of PTSD. This is an extensive study that covers the timeframe from 1980 till 2007. 4. Incidence and Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in a Population Affected by a Severe Flood Year: 2016 Link: http://bit.ly/2laKKUN The research studies the most problematic outcomes of PTSD that appear after floods in areas prone to severe rainfalls in order to minimize them in the future and quickly improve public health after natural disasters. 5. Longitudinal Course of Disaster-Related PTSD among a Prospective Sample of Adult Chilean Natural Disaster Survivors Year: 2017 Link: http://bit.ly/2ivPFyM Here you can find out whether psychiatric disorders that already exist can impact the PTSD after a natural disaster. The study was conducted on the basis of 6 European countries and Chile over the period of 2001-2010. Use these research information in order to write a proficient essay on natural disasters. They will add up more weight to your words and make your statements more powerful. So, start writing right now!

Effects of Taxation on Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Effects of Taxation on Economy - Essay Example A tax on a commodity tends to be shifted from the producer forward to the consumer and from the consumer backward to the producer. A tax on production of a commodity tends to raise its price and will, therefore, be normally borne by the consumer. But a tax on consumption is likely to check consumption and tends to be shifted backward to the producer. The tax levied of consumers can reduce the demand. Commodity taxes are disincentive to purchase the commodities on which they are levied. The amount by which the tax reduces purchases will depend upon the elasticity of demand for that commodity. The less elastic is the demand and the supply, the less will the demand be reduced. On the other hand the tax levied on corporations will impose a disincentive on a firm to incorporate. Taxes on firms can lead to low motivation for investment, which will in turn reduce the supply for goods if the Government has imposed price control with tax initiatives. A tax on income tends to reduce the ability to save and invest on the part of individuals. A tax on net profits of business firms will reduce their ability to save and invest. A decrease in investment is bound to affect adversely the level of output. The equilibrium price and quantity will be changed according to the elasticity of demand of that good. ... The equilibrium price and quantity will be changed according to the elasticity of demand of that good. The extent to which a commodity tax will actually be shifted will depend upon the nature of demand and supply curves. If demand is inelastic, as is the case with the necessaries of life the people must buy the commodity. The producer will be in stronger position and almost the entire burden of the tax will be shifted on to the consumer. But in the case of elastic demand, the people will buy less. In that case the price will not rise by the full amount of the tax, and the tax will be partly borne by the producer (Dewett, 571-572). - In this market, describe a hypothetical situation where a price ceiling or floor could be imposed. What implications would this have for the market' Government actions may shift demand and supply curves as when changes in safety legislation shifts the supply curve. Price controls are Government rules or laws that forbid the adjustment of prices to clear markets. Price controls undertaken in the market can be of two types. 1. Price ceilings: In this case Government applies an upper limit for the sellers and they cannot charge more prices upper than that limit. Such a limit is usually imposed when the shortage of a commodity is expected to increase the price of a commodity. Although through charging high prices the rationing of the scarce commodities can be undertaken. The solution to the problem of scarce supply of a commodity can be responded by an increased price but this is an unfair solution. For example high food prices can lead to considerable hardship among the poor. In the case of above market 2. Price floors: Governments impose a limit of minimum price of

Political Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Political Violence - Essay Example The concept of â€Å"internal enemy† was significantly applied during the cold war period. The concept was applied in countries such as Guatemala, Chile, and El Salvador. In Guatemala, the concept was applied to overturn the regime that was seen as leaning towards communism. The concept was successful in the removal of Col. Jacobo Arbenz from power (Byrne 6). Moreover, the idea led to training of people that could topple the regime. On the other hand, the concept was well applied in Chile. In Chile, the concept led to destabilization of Allende government that was successful elected. The concept also led to the elimination of those people that were seen as being leftist. Most of the people were killed and detained in the country (Byrne 8). Additionally, in El Salvador, the concept provided a way in which to train police and military force inn the country to play a role in countering of insurgency. The forces played a significant role in killing of a large number of people in t he 70s and the 1980s (Byrne 10). The political repression in these three countries targeted those that were seen as leftist or supporting communism. In addition, repression led to the elimination of those opposed to democratic ideas. In conclusion, it is clear that United States contributed significantly to destabilization Latin America during cold war period. The destabilization continues to be experienced in the region until

Safety behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Safety behaviour - Essay Example is an example of a good market leader (Khanh, 2011). The modern business environment does not allow application of piecemeal improvements. Companies do not have any route to success apart from undergoing performance transformations to attain and maintain a top status. Most literature covers ways of implementing transformations without considering the role of leadership in the same.There is no single model that explains the role of leadership in the car manufacturing industry. Hill and Jones, for instance, focus on what is known as cost leadership and technology as part of strategic management in the manufacturing industry (2007). Furthermore, the precise nature of the role of the Chief Executive sitting at the helm of leadershipdepends on various things among them urgency, magnitude, and the form of transformation under implementation. Other factors that influence the nature of the role of the Chief Executive in the car manufacturing industry are failures and potential of the business organization within the auto industry, as well as the personality of the leader. References can be made to previously dominant companies such as the Ford Motor Corporation (Great Britain, 2007). In spite of the variations identified, researchers concur that four common important functions cut across the board and defy the differences necessary for any leadership to remain successful in the auto industry. Each person has a role to play in transformational performance.However, the role of the person sitting at the helm of leadership appears unique in many aspects as much as it shares other features with others within the leadership hierarchy. This is because the Chief Executive occupies the topmost part of the pyramid while other members take the cue from him downwards. If top leadership in the company gives lip service, the same will apply to the rest of leaders in the hierarchy.Leadership that fails to

First impressions Essay Example for Free

First impressions Essay In my opinion it is your first impression of something that ultimately gives you the perfect vantage point in which to accurately assume the true nature of something. Your notion of this something is then unaffected or swayed by any outside sources or by second guessing yourself. Upon first experiencing this first time offered course, I immediately felt right at home concerning the direction in which the course was headed and also with the enthusiasm and involvement of the professor. The first class began as any other, anxiously awaiting an unknown professor and the educational information he bears. With a proverbial collective sigh of relief, the class was greeted with a pleasant professor offering a most interesting lesson plan on the writing in the discipline of psychology. After welcomed introductions class was underway and a new appreciation for my major was attained. Our first homework assignment required us to read and analyze an article entitled â€Å"Making Science Understandable to a Broad Audience† by Richard Reis. The article portrays the notion that we as those in search of educational advancement must accommodate the manner in which we write for individuals many whom are otherwise unaware. This piece I believe sets the tone for this course in its entirety and my perceptions as to what is seeks to achieve, in that to truly know and understand an idea or concept one must have the ability to correctly perceive and present information of the utmost importance to the vast majority. Throughout my college career I have strived to put forth my best effort and achieve a great standing in all my courses. I plan on not doing any different here, so upon perusing the course syllabus I noticed many assignments wherein groups were involved. In my past experience, sadly I have had many instances in which fellow group members became ‘clingers’ to my dedicated work whilst I labored on it. Assignments listed as anything prefaced by the dreaded utterance â€Å"Group,† made me question my position here. Despite my reservations I believe that those fellow students in my class are just as dedicated as I and wish to succeed just as much. Without further explanation of the group work involved, much of it looks fairly familiar to projects that I have done in past classes both in college and high school concerning poster presentations and literature reviews. My worries, other than those aforementioned, lie in the â€Å"Individual Components† of the course description and what they might entail. At least for me, when work pertaining to that of doling out constructive criticism is required I simply feel inadequate in telling others how to go about their work. Other than that one hiccup, the rest of the work to be done individually seems common or at least manageable. In the past I have kept a record or journal of daily events of significance, in that I can see doing well in keeping a research journal. Being accustomed to modern times and technology use should help serve me in using the â€Å"Learning E-Portfolios,† and submitting assignments online. My major is in psychology and therefore have read extensively on the subject as well as taken previous writing courses, all of which will hopefully aid me in doing well this semester. I feel as though this course will play towards my strengths and will be successful overall. Although, I do not expect to go without surprises, I trust this course to challenge my writing ability as well as my grasp on psychology ASSIGNMENT REFLECTION FORM 1. How would you describe your experience in working on this assignment (Was it difficult to begin? Did the ideas come easily or with difficulty? What obstacles did you face in the process of writing? How long did it take you?)? A: As with any paper, I found it slightly difficult to begin because I enjoy taking the time to organize my thoughts into a cohesive and coherent piece. In the writing process I found it difficult to completely fulfill the requirements in that the book contained in the courses required reading section had been backordered and in an attempt to continue, I had purchased a copy on Amazon.com and am sadly still awaiting its arrival. From beginning to end this essay took me around two hours to complete in its entirety. 2. What do you see as the strengths of this paper? A: I believe the strengths of this paper to be my honesty involving the course. It may or may not help with improvements and or changes in future assignments and course direction. 3. What do you see as areas for improvement in the paper? A: Not to sound clichà © but I believe that all papers still require improvement. No matter how many edits or drafts it takes there will always be one idea or point that may have been over expressed or a central one that had been simply left out completely. I may need to improve upon my ordering or overall flow of my paper to achieve a better read. 4. What did you learn (about yourself, the subject, writing, or reading) from doing this assignment? A: While writing this piece I learned that I truly enjoy expressing myself through writing. Although I consider myself to have a limited vocabulary I find nothing more exciting than to surprise someone with my work.

Motivation For Drowsiness Detection Information Technology Essay

Motivation For Drowsiness Detection Information Technology Essay Monitoring the drivers action while driving by examining the manoeuvred of the vehicle can be a very prominent task in order to enhance safety while driving. To differentiate between unintentional and intentional car steering wheel inputs, will be the main key element to be discovered, such as a sudden large steering input could indicate the drivers level of alertness. Almost all the statistics have identified driver drowsiness as a high priority vehicle safety issue. Drowsiness has been estimated to be involved in 10-40 per cent of crashes on motorways [5, 6]. Fall-asleep crashes are very serious in terms of injury severity and more likely to occur in sleep-deprived individuals [8]. Drowsiness influences mental alertness, decreasing an individuals capability to handle a vehicle safely and expanding the possibility of a human mistakes that could lead to deaths and injuries. Furthermore, it has been indicated to slow response time, decreases awareness, and impairs judgment. A drowsy driver is unable to predict when he or she will have an uncontrolled sleep onset [9]. There is an increased interest with respect to the design and advancement of computer controlled automotive applications to overcome those problems by enhancing safety to reduce accidents, increase traffic flow, and enhance comfort for drivers. This thesis presented a way to detect drowsiness in driver non intrusively by warning the drivers, preventing accidents and to improve safety on the motorways. This method is employing Support Vector Machine (SVM) to train the classifier by using steering wheel angle, distance to outside lane and acceleration as an input to the SVM. All the parameters extracted from vehicle parameter data collected in a driving simulator. With all the features, a SVM drowsiness detection model is constructed. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would also like to extend my appreciation to Mr John Mellor Dr Ping Jiang for his assistance in educating, assisting and helping me on the preparation of this thesis and who has supported the work not just financially but also provided very valuable feedback and guiding ideas for the production of this thesis. Chapter 1 This chapter illustrates a general overview of this research. Background information related to the topic of drowsiness detection and support vector machine along with research objectives are introduced. Related literature is reviewed in this section, linking relevant topics to the research presented here. Finally, an outline of the thesis and a brief description on the contents of each chapter are also presented. Introduction The proposed non intrusive drowsiness warning system uses a integration technique comprise of vision sensor to obtain road information and steering wheel angle data logger. Both parameters are taken from road simulation experiment. The system is composed of three main processes; To obtain the road information by calculating the distance of the outside lanes from vision input and extracting the steering wheel angle data. These data are used for training and testing intentions during the modelling of the SVM. To give a proper warning to the driver to eliminate false alarm. It is most important that a drowsiness warning system guarantee safety and reliance. Therefore the system must reliably as well as estimate the driver vehicle state in order to give proper warning. It must also consider driving habits and intention of the driver to be of practical use. Research Aim Objectives The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the study of driver behaviour while driving, through the development and evaluation of a drowsiness driver model system. Non-intrusive is chosen as a method due to comfort to the drivers. The result from the research will be integrated to produce the systems that can be efficient in detecting the drowsiness level at an early stage by giving a warning to them about their lack of attention due to drowsiness or other factors. In other words, they can correct the behavior or stop driving when they in the drowsiness state. This system will need to be robust against model mismatch and disturbances and comfort constraints. The objective of this research is to identify the current drowsiness detection by investigating flexible methods for studying the relationships between drivers manoeuvre performances whiles the vehicle on the move and the physiological driver drowsiness states. This thesis paper outlines the design and development of a system that focuses on drivers drowsiness detection and prediction through the following methods:-. Monitoring the driver behaviour by observing the vehicle manoeuvre stability and performance. Validate and measure the progress by using Specific algorithm. Updating the current performance by comparing with the last action stored in system database. Warning the drivers if the behaviour beyond the thresholds. To increase the detection and its reliability of the prediction, the methods stated earlier will be used. Here we will employ machine learning methods to classify the data of actual human behaviour during drowsiness. This will be done by studying and evaluating the learning phase identification of a driver driving pattern. After that we will look to evaluate the parameters comprehensively. In the detection phase on-line model adaptive identification; model error classification; drowsiness alert model will be studied. By implement a control system mechanism that integrates human and machine for classification of the dynamic model for drowsiness detection using information from various sources for achieving a probabilistic best possible alert. Scope The scope of the thesis is defined as follows: The road manoeuvre will be restricted to simulation environment only. There are no obstacles in the road lane, and thus there is no collision-avoidance aspect to manoeuvre. It is assumed the vehicle will operate with a fix velocity range of 50km/h. Two main parameters will be an indictor for the system detection consists of distance to outside lane and steering wheel angle. Motivation for drowsiness detection. Driver drowsiness is a significant factor in the increasing number of accidents on todays roads and has been extensively accepted [2]. This proof has been verified by many researchers that have demonstrated ties between driver drowsiness and road accidents. Although it is hard to decide the exact number of accidents due to drowsiness, it is much likely to be underestimated. The above statement shows the significance of a research with the objective of reducing the dangers of accidents anticipated to drowsiness. So far, researchers have tried to model the behavior by creating links between drowsiness and certain indications related to the vehicle and to the driver [2,3,4]. Previous approaches to drowsiness detection primarily make pre-assumptions about the relevant behavior, focusing on blink rate, eye closure, and yawning [29,30]. The automobile business also has tried to build several systems to predict driver drowsiness but there are only a few commercial products available today[31]. The systems do not look at driver performance and overlook driver ability and characteristics. Naturally, most people would agree that different people drive differently. The system that being develop able to adapt to the changes of the drivers behaviour. Contributions The contributions of thesis research extend to five areas. The introduction of a fully integrated drowsiness warning system with specific algorithms to detect driver condition. The main contribution of this study is it contributes an algorithm of drowsiness driver detection and tracking which based on incorporation of vision and vehicle performance parameter. The implementation of support vector machine for robust and accurate drowsiness warning system. The input incorporation from vision and data logger provides an efficient method for detecting drowsiness driver under varying mode and road conditions. Consideration of various type of driver with various conditions in order to build the system. Software tool Support Vector Machine In the way classifying things Support Vector Machine is the modern technique in the field of machine learning and has been successfully used in many fields of application. The aim of this thesis is not to give a comprehensive demonstration about the theoretical background but to reveal the fundamental functionality to get an extensive understanding how SVMs work. The thesis also summaries what has to be considered when SVMs are applied, which fields of application exist and what the fields of researches nowadays are. The machine is a learning algorithm for performing classification and regression via a hyperplane in a large virtual feature space. For classification, the SVM is given a set of inputs called the training set, and attempts to automatically determine a hyperplane in feature space that separates these inputs into two classes. The hyperplane allows the machine to make an informed classification on a test vector where the true classification is unknown. Based on the assumption that the test vector and the training set are drawn from the same source, the SVM has predictable bounds on getting the classification of the test vector correct. For regression, the SVM similarly uses training vectors but derives a hyperplane-based function that can estimate a real valued function. One of the things that set SVMs apart from more traditional linear systems is their use of what is known as a kernel function. Kernels functions which allow the SVM to classify features that are nonlinear functions of the training vector attributes. While it performs this classification in a space of very high dimensionality (the feature space), it only requires computation in the smaller dimensional space of the training vectors (attribute space or input space). The other thing that sets SVMs apart is parametrically controlling the capacity of the SVM (its VC Dimension) to avoid underfitting and overfitting. Let take some example what if you do if you have given a collection of oranges and apples, and you being asked to differentiate between the two types of fruit? Within a second, everyone can immediately separate them based on how they look and feel. Although this problem of differentiating orange and apples does not look very complex, automating this process turns out to be fairly complex. What should be the basis for the decision to call an object orange, and another object apple? This problem is called classification in order to assign a new object to one of a set of classes, which are known already. The classifier which should perform this classification operation, is based on a set of example objects. This thesis will not focus on this classification problem though, but on the next problem, the problem of one-class classification. Here an object should be classified as a genuine object (orange or apple), or an outlier object (another type of fruit). The one-class classification problem differs in one essential aspect from the conventional classification problem. In one-class classification it is assumed that only information of one of the classes, the target class, is available. This means that just example objects of the target class can be used and that no information about the other class of outlier objects is present. The boundary between the two classes has to be estimated from data of only the normal, genuine class. The task is to define a boundary around the target class, such that it accepts as much of the target objects as possible, while it minimizes the chance of accepting outlier objects. MATLAB: MATLAB is a matrix-based numerical computing environment and programming language developed by The MathWorks. Simulink was used extensively for modelling, simulating, and analysing the drowsiness detection system. By using the Simulink application such as Hough Transform, Hough Lines and Kalman Filter blocks to create a lane detection and tracking algorithm. Thesis Outline Chapter 2: describes the literature review. Chapter 3: Definitions of variables associated with this particular approach for solving the problem are discussed. Chapter 4: Summarizes the results of this research and presents findings from the parametric study. Chapter 5: Finally, the conclusion of the research and recommendation on future research are provided in Appendix contains the major experiment files used to perform the simulation. Chapter 2.0: Literature Review The initial phase of this thesis was the preparation of a literature review. This review included literature from past research projects, conferences and journals on the drowsiness detection system. A comprehensive search was studied and has been reviewed to identify key studies, reports and researches initiative addressing drowsiness toward driving issues. It is attended to investigate the available knowledge in the field and to distinguish the most encouraging indicators of drowsiness drivers. Most of these methodologies have only been developed in the laboratory or have had a limited application on-road. In the current development of the drowsiness detection system, the possible techniques can be generally divided into the several categories. This category technique includes measures of: The drivers current state, especially relating to the eye and eyelid movements and physiological state changes. Driver performance, with a focus on the vehicles behaviour including lateral position and headway. A combination of the drivers current state and driver performance. We can conclude the methodology can be separated into two sections: Intrusive methods Electroencephalography Some researchers have looked at the use of EEG as a method for detecting drowsiness. Most of these studies have used EEG to verify the existence of drowsiness when other measures are being evaluated rather than as a fatigue-detection measure [12]. For example, a study by [13] demonstrated substantial relationships between an EEG algorithm for detecting fatigue and drowsiness under simulated conditions. The biggest disadvantage associated with EEG as an on-road drowsiness detection device is the difficulty in obtaining recordings under natural driving conditions; making it a slightly unrealistic option for the detection of drowsiness. In summary the transition from wakefulness to sleep can be described as a shift towards slower frequencies in the EEG. The process different between individuals but seems to be consistent within the individual [10, 11]. EEG is widely received as a good indicator of the transition between wakefulness and sleep as well as between the different sleep stages. When a driver gets drowsy a burst of alpha activity can often be seen in the central regions of the brain. An increase in alpha activity is thus the first sign of drowsiness. As the driver gets drowsier, alpha activity is replaced by theta activity. When delta activity occurs in the EEG the driver is no longer awake, this is an indicator of deep sleep [10]. Electrooculography Electrooculography is a method used for measuring the potential difference between the front and back of the eye ball. The EOG can therefore be used for detection of eye movements and blinks. The eye is a dipole with the positive cornea in the front and the negative retina in the back and the potential between cornea and retina lies in the range 0.4 1.0 mV. When the eyes are fixated straight ahead a steady baseline potential is measured by electrodes placed around the eyes. When moving the eyes a change in potential is detected as the poles come closer or farther away from the electrodes. The sign of the change depends on the direction of the movement [10]. EOG is measured by placing electrodes around the eyes. Usually silver-silver chloride electrodes are used as they show negligible drift and develop almost no polarization potentials. The electrodes should be placed as near the eyes as possible to maximize the measured potential. Problems with EOG measurement are artefacts that arise from muscle potentials and small electromagnetic disturbances that can be induced in the cables. To reduce the impedance between skin and electrode, the skin must be cleaned carefully before measurement and electrode paste should be used [10]. When measuring blinks related characteristics, the sampling frequency should be high (at least 500 Hz) as a high resolution is required to measure small differences in for example blink duration. DC recording is preferable, while filtering the low frequency components away makes the detection of long blinks difficult. One problem with DC recording however, is the risk of slow baseline drift, which makes it important to monitor the EOG signal and adjust for the drift during the measurement [14]. Non Intrusive methods PERCLOS PERCLOS (Percent Eye Closure) is a video-based method that measures eye closure. One of the strengths of PERCLOS is that attempts have been made to establish its validity as a fatigue detection device. Satisfactory relationships were obtained between eye closure and lapses in attention, providing some convergent evidence. When a measure correlates with other tests believed to measure the same construct of the systems ability to detect the current state of the driver. Furthermore, PERCLOS showed the clearest relationship with performance on a driving simulator in comparison to a number of other potential drowsiness detection devices including two electroencephalographic (EEG) algorithms, a head tracker device, and two wearable eye-blink monitors. PERCLOS is the most reliable and valid measure of a drivers alertness level between many drowsiness detection measures. According to a study performed by [17], drivers in an automobile simulator exhibit certain characteristics when drowsy, that can be easily observed in eye and facial changes [17]. Alert drivers were reported to have normal facial tone, and fast eye blinks with short ordinary glances. Drowsy drivers were reported to have decreased facial tone and slower eyelid. Gaze Direction Other potentially good fatigue parameters include various parameters that characterize the pupil movement, which relates to the driver gaze and awareness of the happenings in surroundings area. The movement of a persons pupil (gaze) may have the potential to indicate ones intention and mental condition. For example, for a driver, the nominal gaze is frontal. Looking at other directions for an extended period of time may indicate fatigue or inattention. In addition, when people are drowsy, their visual awareness cannot cover a wide enough area, concentrating on one direction. Hence, gaze (deliberate fixation) and saccade eye movement may contain information about the ones level of alertness. Many recent efforts [18, 19] produce a computer vision system that can extract various parameters in real time to characterize an eyelid movement, gaze, head movement, and facial expression. The major benefits of the visual measures are that they can be acquired non-intrusively. Lane Departure Warning Systems (LDWS). LDWS system is used to determine the position of the vehicle on the road. It is used either to warn the driver when the vehicle is on a white line (like rumble strips) or to predict when the driver is in danger of departing from the road, which rumbles strips cannot do [20]. A vehicle lateral position or lane departure situation occurs when the vehicle runs off the road, either on the left or on the right side of the road. This kind of situation is also called Run-Off-Road (ROR) or Single Vehicle Roadway Departure (SVRD). It is defined in [21] as the crashes where the first harmful event is the vehicle leaving the road high way. The simplest system is the rumble strip in which it alerts the driver when he is in a situation of lane departure in order to avoid ROR crashes. Rumble strips are areas of grooved pavement usually situated under the white lines of the road. When the vehicle drifts to the line, its tire hits a rumble strip, which vibrates the vehicle and makes a loud noise, alerting the driver to take a corrective action. This simple system is efficient since it has been shown to reduce the number of run off road crashes by 70% [22] but requires infrastructure modification. Another approach is to use a system inside the vehicle, which detects when the driver is in danger of departing from the road, and trigger an alarm in time for the driver to react. Steering wheel algorithm. Studies indicate that the steering wheel variability increases with the amount of drowsiness [23]. The steering movements also become larger and occur less often, and the lateral position variability increases as the driver gets drowsier. Also, the speed variability increases and the minimum distance to any lead vehicle decreases. The reaction time to any unexpected events also gets longer with increased drowsiness. Different studies have shown that there is a relationship between various steering related variables and the sleepiness of the driver. The steering related variables have the advantage that they are easy to measure since they require no camera or image processing. The drawback is that these variables are dependent upon the road curvature and are therefore mostly reliable on highways. [24] Other literature review has studied drowsiness detection by using steering angle rotation as an input to detect drowsiness by tracking steering angle by using a camera [25]. It tracks the steering wheel angle by using a single camera system put on inside the car. The approach is based on the modelling of the motion of the steering wheel, as it appears perceptively distorted by the point of view of the un-calibrated camera. The system has some disadvantages such as the steering image being block by the drivers head, light beam that confuses the feature detection algorithm and camera setup that not suitable for a portable application in monitoring steering angle analysis. Another drowsiness detection algorithm is based on the steering wheel. This algorithm works with three kinds of functions [26]: Time based functions (weighting functions developed from the time variations of the angle and the angular velocity), Frequency based functions (weighting functions developed from the variations in the power spectrum) Phase based functions (weighting functions developed from the variations in the angle plotted against the angular velocity). This algorithm is interesting because it proposes new detection ideas, such as the use of the phase diagram. The algorithm was tested on a special track with really drowsy drivers and it seemed to work pretty well. However, it has been created using data from drives on straight roads, so it may only work for straight roads, similar to motorways. Head position monitoring rotation. The advantage of computer vision techniques is that they are non-invasive, and thus are more amenable to use by the general public. There are some significant previous studies about drowsiness detection using computer vision techniques. Most of the published research on computer vision approaches to detection of drowsiness has focused on the analysis of blinks and head movements. It has been studied that these drivers exhibits certain physiological patterns that are expected and detectible. The standard head bobbing movement, where the drivers head drops and then rapidly pulls back upward is one of the patterns that is frequently displayed when an individual is becoming drowsy while seated in an upright position. Head movement like nodding or inclination is a good indicator of a drivers drowsiness or the onset of drowsiness [27]. It could also indicate ones attention. Head movement parameters such as head orientation, movement speed, frequency, etc. could potentially indicate ones level of attention. Finally, facial expression may also provide information about ones attention. For example, a typical facial expression that indicates the onset of drowsiness is yawning. Head monitoring tracking is a significant process for many vision-driven interactive user interfaces. The acquired position and orientation allow for pose determination and recognition of simple gestures such as nodding and head shaking. The stabilized image obtained by perspective de-warping of the facial image according to the acquired parameters is ideal for facial expression recognition [28] or face recognition applications. There are several commercial products capable of accurate and reliable 3D head position and orientation estimation. These are either based on magnetic sensors or on special markers placed on the face; both practices causing discomfort and limiting natural motion. Also, commercial systems based on gaze tracking employing infrared illumination do guarantee reliable detection of eye location, at the cost, however of restrictions placed on head position and orientation Head monitoring system developed by Advanced Safety Concepts, Inc. is the non-contact Proximity Array Sensing System (PASS), is an apparatus designed to record the x, y and z coordinates of the head at electronic rates using three electromagnetic fields. Its development is based on research that indicates a relationship between micro-motion of the head and impairment or drowsiness. It is hypothesized by ASC that changes in the X, Y, Z coordinates of the head may be an indicator of drowsiness onset, and that PASS may detect micro-sleeps based on different head movement patterns. Advanced Safety Concepts, Inc. reports that in laboratory tests, the PASS system has detected changes in head position as little as 0.0 l, while providing absolute XYZ resolution of head position to about 0.1. Disadvantages of current system. PERCLOS Disadvantages. PERCLOS stands for Percent Eye Closure. The technical definition is the percent of time a drivers eyes are closed. Sometimes a driver who is trying to stay awake can fall asleep with his eyes open, this is the disadvantage of PERCLOS. Another problem with this system is that the curve for warning is very steep at the end, which means that no warning is given at an early stage, and then the situation is very serious quickly. LDWS Disadvantages. Lane departure warning systems (LDWS) are system that currently being use to detect drowsiness. If the driver is drowsy, sooner or later the vehicle will drift to the side of the road and when it crosses the lane boundaries a warning signal is given to alert the driver. The problem with this system is that the warning signal is given every time the driver crosses the line, it does not take into consideration that the crossing could be intentional. TLC. Disadvantages. A commonly used variable in the warning algorithm of the LDWS is the Time to Line Crossing (TLC). The Time-to-Line Crossing (TLC), is the estimated time it takes for the vehicle to cross the line, which is based on a predicted path of the vehicle and the speed. The major problem with TLC is its computation in real time while driving on the road. Moreover, the computation is different on straight roads and on curve roads. EEG Disadvantages. To measure this signal while driving causes annoyance to the driver, because multiple sensors have to be attached to the driver. This can affect the driver so much that it changes the driving behaviour, which is not good at all in traffic safety research. Eye Detection Systems Disadvantages. The eye detection systems are good but not perfect, when the driver is wearing glasses there might be errors in the detection, which in some systems lead to false warnings. Sunglasses cause problems that almost none of the systems can deal with, which makes the inattention detection almost impossible when the driver is wearing sunglasses. Different ethnical people are another problem, the eyes of Asian people differ from European people, but most manufacturers claim that it should not be a problem. Research Approach Several elements have been taken into a consideration into designing the drowsiness detection system. Some researchers have already followed this route with encouraging results. By using several hypotheses and finding transformations in vehicle and driver behaviour, three based parameters will be tested for potential to predict the vehicle behaviour characteristic. In the investigation the signal will be recorded for a various driver, therefore data recorded each of the driver will were analyzed. It is important to notice that the data, of each individual driver has his own style of driving pattern. Diameter to Lane. As we all known Lane Departure Warning System can determine the position of the vehicle on the road. This position can then be used either to warn the driver when the vehicle is on a white line or to predict when the driver is in danger of departing from the road, [4]. The technique that we plan to use is to measures the distance between the car coordination toward the road lane border. It is a relevant suggestion because LDWS normally triggered when it reaches the lane. By the way it was too late to notice the drivers. Steering wheel angle. Studies indicate that the steering wheel variability increases with the amount of drowsiness [5]. The steering movements also become larger and occur less often, and the lateral position variability increases as the driver gets drowsier. Changes of velocity. More recent research demonstrated that speed variability was higher for sleep-deprived drivers than for control drivers [6].